Mnemonic Device:

• KoSoADo

Explanation: for the use of demonstrative words. Many words fit this pattern in Japanese: KORE, SORE, ARE, DORE, for example, or KOKO, SOKO, ASOKO, DOKO. “Ko” is near the speaker, “So” is near the listener, “A” or “Aso” is somewhere else, and “Do” is a question.

• Ko is near me
• So is near you
• A is anywhere
• Do is where?